Gyroscope.



H. ANsGHTz-KAEMPPB.

GYROSGOPB. AYPLIOATIQNl FILED JUNE 8,1908.

1,0.1v 9,582, Patented Mar.5,1912.

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HERMANN ANSCHTZ-KAEMPFE, 0F KIEL, GERMANY.

GYROSCOPE.

Speci...zation of petters Patent.

Patented Mar. 5, 1912.

Application led .Tune 6, 1908. Serial No. 437,075.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN ANscn'rz- KAEMPFE, Ph.- D., a subject of the Empire of Germany, residing at Dammstrasse 20, Kiel, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gyroscopes, of which the following is a specification.

4This invention relates to a gyroscopic apparatus, the axis of rotation of which is entirely or partly secured in the horizontal plane whereby it makes oscillations about the north-south direction as the position of lVhen such a gyroscopic apparatus is placed lon a fixed support, the axis of gyration, under the damping influence of friction, after a certain time comes to rest in t-he north-south direction.- But the behavior of the apparatus on a movable support,'such for instance as a ship, is different. In this case, the -friction acts as an impulse for oscillations. pressures such as are changes its speed, bring about oscillations. For these reasons, a gyroscopic compass which generally has a large mass, will never come to rest and, therefore be useless for ships, if

.1t is not provided with a damping device which is independent of certain of the movements ofthe ship upon which itis mounted. According to this invention a damping of the oscillations of such a gyroscopic apparatus in the north-south direction is brought about in such manner that, on the oscillations taking place, certain external counteraction forces which exercise a damping influence on the said oscillations are caused to This is effected with the assistance of the angular twisting or angle of turning which takes place between the spindle of rotation and the horizontal plane when the axis of rotation swings out of the northsouth position. 'The size and the direction of the angle of turning depend on the speed of oscillation. The gyroscopic apparatus is provided with a pendulum which in the normal position of the apparatus forms a given angleI with the axis of rotation. Then the change of angle produced by the oscillations, can be utilized in some Way forI releasing and yregulating damping forces.

By the expression pendulum is meant any device which, under the influence of gravity, occupies a given definite position relatively to the surface of the earth, that is to say, not only a pendulum proper, but also bal- Moreover, the accelerationv produced when the ship These plates,

ance beams, levels, thc like.

A const-ruction of gyroscopic apparatus according to this invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing. In this construction the external counter-action force which is caused to act on the oscillations taking place, and exercises a damping influence on the said oscillations, is constituted bythe reaction of air jets. The apparatus is made in the form of a centrifugal air pump, in such manner that it draws iu air and discharges tthrough nozzles. The value of the reaction moment produced is regulated by means of slide valves which are shifted by the relative turning of the axis of rotation and the pendulum, which takes place when oscillations take place, and throttles the air jets to a greater or less extent.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus in side elevation and the suspension device in section. Fig. 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the gyroscopic apparatus, while the suspension device is shown partly in section and partly in elevation. Fig. 3 is a plan of the gyroscopic apparatus with the regulating slides, after the removal of the motor.

In a frame ll which, for instance can be that of an ordinary ships compass, is mounted, in the ring 2 suspended by means of a Cardan joint, a container or vessel 3 filled with some suitable liquid 4 and covered by means of a glass plate 5. The compass card 6 can be seen through the lass plate, and is secured to a float 7, w ich floats in the liquid. The float 7 `is lpeigidl secured, by means of an intermediat part 8, toa casing 9 in which the rotating mass 10 of the gyroscopic apparatus is suitably supported by means of the spindle of rotation 11. The casing 9 is completely closed except for openings 12 and a pipe 13 connected to the lateral wall of the casin and Cardan suspensions and divided at the bottoin into two nozz es 14:

and 15 (Fig. 2) directed 'transversely of the axis of rotation. When the rotary mass of the gyroscopic apparatus isrotated air is drawn in through .the openings 12 and expelled through the pipe 13' and the nozzles 14 and 15. To the lateral wall of the casing is further secured a pendulum 17 swinging about a spindle 16 and provided atiits lowerend with the two plates V18 and 19.

in the neutral non-counteractive position of rest to the apparatus, hang a bracket/,20

Y electric motor is supplied with current'from the o/utside by means of brushes 22 whlch slide on the contact rings 23 of the intermediate part or shaft 8, A collar bearing or guide 24 keeps the float 7 centrally. in

/the vessel 3 without, however, interfermg with the lateral oscillations of the gyrosay it which remains in scopic apparatus with the float. y

The gyroscopic apparatus is suspended from the float 7 in such manner that its spindle of rotation 11 has its equilibrium position in the horizontal plane when the gyroscopic apparatus is stationary. The gyroscopic apparatus is 'then secured by gravity inthe horizontal plane, for the center of the upward pressure of the liquid is situated above the center of gravity of the system.

When the gyratory apparat-us is rotated, its spindle, as already stated, will oscillate about the north-south direction as position of equilibrium. In that case the axis of rotation will experience an elevation in proportion to the speed of oscillation, that is to. will be moved to a greater or smaller angle of inclination relatively to the horizontal plane. The pendulum 17 which', owing to the action of gravity, remains in the vertical position, will move through exactly 'the same 'angle relatively to the direction ofthe axis of rotation, that is to say, the pendulum will give the extentand the direction of the elevation. I

The air jets expelled from the nozzles 14; and 15 during the rotation of the gyroscopic apparatus, produce reaction moments which have the tendency to. turn the gyroscopic apparatus casing 9 and, therefore the spindle of rotation 11, about the vertical axis. In the normal position, these two reaction moments neutralize each other, as the arrangement is made in such manner that the moments are equal to each other at both nozzles. however the casing 9, together with the spindle of rotation, direction relatively to the pendulum 17, the vertical position, as already described, the plates 18 and 19will be' moved relatively to the nozzles 1-1 and 15, and the air jet will be throttled in one 4nozzle to a greater, and in the other to a smaller extent than before. In that way the reaction moments will become unequal, and the stronger moment will have the tendency to turn the gyroscopic apparatus about its vertical '.axis. If the plates or valves are arranged 'ifn a correct manner, it will be posd in opposition When l oscillates in the vertical 4 apparatus in such sible in that way to cause the reaction 1no ments of the discharged air jets to the direction of oscillation at\.\the, moment and in proportion to the spelypf oscillation, whereby the oscillations of the gynoscopic apparatus about the northsouth direction will be damped.

It is not necessary scopic apparatus itself the angle 'of inclination of the axis of rotation, which brings about the adjustment in the north-south d1- rection, on the contrary a small auxiliary gyroscopic apparatus could be made for that purpose connected to the main gyroscopic mannertha't the speed 'and directionv of oscillation about the vert-ical must be always the same in both apparatus. j What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a gyroscope apparatus, the combination of a rotatable body, a spindle for said body, supporting meansyfor carrying the said spindle in approximately a horizontal plane, a pendulum device in'g means, damping means carriedm part by the supporting means and in part by thep endulum device and connected and operto measure on the gyroconnected to said support-y to act always ative to be non-counteractive to the said ap.A

paratus when the spindle is horizontal and to exert' a counter-action force to the said apparatus when the spindle is shifted from the horizontal plane, thereby to eiect a turning movement of the apparatus to dampen its oscillation.

2. In a g'yrosco-pe apparatus, the combination of a rotatablebody,-a spindle .for said body, support-ing means for carrying the said spindle in approximately a horizontal plane, a pendulum device connected to said supporting means, thependulum being supported to swing on a horizontal axis and'in a plane coinciding with the axis of said spindle, damping means carried in part by the supporting means and in part by the pendulum device and co-nnected and operative to be non-counteractive to the said apparatus when the spindle is horizontal and to exert a counter-action` force to the said a paratus when the spindle is shifted from the horizontal plane, thereby to eEect a turning 8. In a gyroscopic apparatus,

movement of the apparatus lto dampen its oscillation. the combi/-,`

for'said body, a support for'supporting the said spindle in approximately a horizontal plane,.a pendulum connected to said support, vanes on the pendulum, means for supplying fluid under pressure, jets carried by the support and constructed and arranged to direct said fluid in opposite directions in balanced' relationship thereto against the said vanes when the gyroscope spindle is horizontal and in unbalanced relationship to said jets when the said spindle is moved v the oscillations of the said respective vholes in atively balanced relationship thereto when from the horizontal thereby causing the said pendulum to throttle one or the other of the said fluid jets for exerting a turning movement on the apparatus for damping the oscillation of the said apparatus. I

4. In a gyroscopic apparatus, the combination With a rotatable body, of a spindle for said body, a support for supporting the said spindle in approximately a horizontal plane, a pendulum connected to said support, vanes on the pendululn, air current supplying means Vcarried by the support, directing means for directing the air in 4balanced relationship thereto against the said vanes when the rotating gyroscope spindle is horizontal and in unbalanced relationship vto said air directing means when the said spindle is moved from the horizontal for exerting a turning moment on the a paratus for damping oscillations of the sald apparatus.

5. In a gyroscopic apparatus the combinationwith a rotatable body, of a spindle for said body, a casing for supporting the saidv spindle and inclosingf the rotatable body, said casing having openings for the escape of air currentscreated by the rotation of said rotatable body, means for maintaining the casing in such a position that the spindle will normally be in approximately a horizontal plane, a pendulum connected to the casing, vanes on the pendulum constructed and located to be opposite the the casing and in relthe said spindle is horizontal and in unbalanced relationship when the spindle is moved froin the horizontal for exerting a turning moment on the unbalanced escape of the air for damping apparatus.

6. In a gyroscope apparatus, the combina tion `with a rotatable mass, of a spindle for said mass, a closed casing for said mass,

means for rotating 'said mass, said casing being provided with intake and outlet openings, means associated with the said outlet opening for exercising reaction moments on the gyroscope 4apparatus whereby the said moments are. equal and op osite to each other when the spindle is horizontal Iand 'unual and opposite when the spindle is slight-ly displaced from the horizontal.

In agyroscopic apparatus the combination with a rota-table mass, of a spindle for said mass, a casing inclosing said mass and supporting said spindle, means operative upon the casing for normally confining the axis of said spindle in approximately a. horizontal plane, nozzles on the said casing for the escape of air, a. pendulum on the said casing, plates on the pendulum located and apparatus by the said vertical plane,

my name this 18th day of May arranged to control the extent of opening of the respective nozzles variably with the variations of the oscillations of thegyroscopic apparatus about one of its axes whereby such oscillation is neutralized by the reaction of the airgissuing from the nozzles.

8. In a gyroscopic apparatus embodying a rotatable mass and means for normally maintaining the axis of rotation of such mass in a horizontal plane, the combination with nozzles connected with said rotatable mass and disposed upon opposite sides of a vertical plane embracing the said axis of rotation, and directed in o posite directions transversely to said vertical)plane, of a valve for each nozzle, and means actuated by the movement of the said axis in angular relation to the horizontal plane for controlling the valves.

9. In a gyroscopic apparatus, the combination with a. rotatable body having a normally horizontal axis of rotation, of a casing for the same provided with an air inlet and with a pair of oppositely directed air discharge nozzles located respectively at opposite sides of a plane embracing the normally vertical axis of the gyroscope and the axis of the rotatable body, valves for the nozzles, and means controlled by the movement of the spindle of the body of the gyroscope out of the horizontal plane for controlllng the valves.

10. In a gyroscopic apparatus embodying a rotatable mass and means for normally maintaining the axis of rotation of such mass in a horizontal plane, the combination with a casing for; said rotatable mass, of a pair of nozzles carried by said casing and disposed upon opposite sides of a vertical planey embracing the said axis of rotation, and directed in opposite directions transversely to a valve for each nozzle, and means carying said valves and connected to the casing and constructed and adapted to maintain `a vertical position irrespective of the movement of the said axis in angular relation to the horizontal for controlling 4the valve and opening one and closing the other upon movement awa from the horizontal in one direction andy upon movement away from the 4horizontal in the opposite direction reversing the order of opening and.

closing.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed 190s in the presence of two4 subscribing witnesses.

' .uranium maestra-maarre.

Witnesses: v J ULrUs Rrxn,

LAU. 

